. . . wrist.1
See Table 3.12, p. 125. 
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. . . force.2
In effect, the swimmer is trying to emulate the water-walking basilisk lizard! 
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. . . propulsion3
Bose and Lien, "Energy Absorption from ocean waves: A free ride for cetaceans", Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 240, 591-605 (1990). 
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. . . waves.4
Williams et al., Nature (1992). 
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. . . seal.5
T.M. Williams and G.L. Kooyman, "Swimming performance and hydrodynamic characteristics of harbor seals Phoca vitulina", Physiological Zoology 58, 576-589 (1985). 
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